65 1. Harmful manipulation and deception: AI systems cannot deploy subliminal or deceptive techniques when they have the objective or the effect of materially distorting the behavior of a person or a group of persons. 2. Harmful exploitation of vulnerabilities: AI systems cannot exploit vulnerabilities inherent to certain individuals or groups of persons (e.g., age, disability, specific socio-economic situation) that make them particularly susceptible to manipulative and exploitative practices. 3. Social scoring: AI-enabled “social scoring” practices that assess or classify individuals or groups based on their social behavior or personal characteristics, and lead to detrimental or unfavorable treatment particularly when data comes from unrelated social contexts, are prohibited. 4. Individual risk assessment and prediction of criminal offences: AI systems cannot assess or predict the risk of a natural person committing a criminal offense based solely on profiling or personality traits and characteristics. 5. Untargeted scraping to develop facial recognition databases: AI systems that create or expand facial recognition databases through the untargeted scraping of facial images from the internet or closed-circuit television (CCTV) footage (including images from surveillance cameras operated in airports, streets, parks, etc.) are prohibited. 6. Emotion recognition: AI systems cannot infer emotions of individuals in the workplace and in educational institutions, except if intended for medical or safety reasons. Biometric categorization for certain “sensitive” characteristics: Biometric categorization systems that categorize individuals based on their biometric data to deduce or infer race, political opinions, trade union membership, religious or philosophical beliefs, sex life or sexual orientation are prohibited. 7. Real-Time Biometric Identification for law enforcement purposes: The use of Real-Time Biometric Identification (RBI) systems in public spaces for law enforcement purposes (subject to limited exceptions exhaustively set out in the AI Act) is not allowed. Responsible Actors The AI Act distinguishes five categories of operators in AI systems: providers, deployers, importers, distributors and product manufacturers. The guidelines only focus on providers (i.e., developers of AI systems) and deployers (i.e., users of AI systems).
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